Kemal Atatürk [1] (or additionally composed as Kamâl Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Pasha [a] until 1934, typically described as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; [b] 1881 [c]-- 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, advanced statesman, author, and the founder of the Republic of Turkey, acting as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938. His benevolent dictatorship undertook sweeping progressive reforms, which updated Turkey into a nonreligious, commercial nation.Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and theories became referred to as Kemalism. Due to his military and political achievements, Atatürk is concerned according to research studies as one of the greatest leaders of the 20th century.
Atatürk pertained to prominence for his function in securing the Ottoman Turkish triumph at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) throughout World War I. Following the defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, he led the Turkish National Motion, which resisted mainland Turkey's partition amongst the triumphant Allied powers. Establishing a provisional government in the present-day Turkish capital Ankara, he defeated the forces sent out by the Allies, hence emerging triumphant from what was later described as the Turkish War of Independence. He subsequently continued to eliminate the run-down Ottoman Empire and declared the foundation of the Turkish Republic in its place.
As the president of the freshly formed Turkish Republic, Atatürk started an extensive program of political, financial, and cultural reforms with the ultimate objective of developing a modern, progressive and secular nation-state. He made main education complimentary and compulsory, opening countless brand-new schools all over the country. He likewise introduced the Latin-based Turkish alphabet, replacing the old Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Turkish females received equivalent civil and political rights throughout Atatürk's presidency ahead of many Western nations. [8] In particular, women were offered voting rights in regional elections by Act no. 1580 on 3 April 1930 and a few years later on, in 1934, full universal suffrage, earlier than most other democracies worldwide.
His government performed a policy of Turkicisation, trying to develop a homogeneous and unified country. Under Atatürk, non-Turkish minorities were pressed to speak Turkish in public, non-Turkish toponyms and surnames of minorities needed to be altered to Turkish renditions. The Turkish Parliament approved him the surname Atatürk in 1934, Additional info which implies "Daddy of the Turks", in recognition of the function he played in building the contemporary Turkish Republic. [16] He died on 10 November 1938 at Dolmabahçe Palace in Istanbul, at the age of 57 he was been successful as President by his veteran Prime Minister İsmet İnönü [18] and was honored with a state funeral service. His renowned mausoleum in Ankara, developed and opened in 1953, is surrounded by a park called the Peace Park in honor of his popular expression "Peace at Home, Peace on the planet".
In 1981, the centennial of Atatürk's birth, his memory was honoured by the United Nations and UNESCO, which stated it The Atatürk Year in the World and embraced the Resolution on the Atatürk Centennial, explaining him as "the leader of the first struggle provided against manifest destiny and imperialism" and a "impressive promoter of the sense of understanding in between individuals and resilient peace in between the countries of the world and that he worked all his life for the development of consistency and cooperation in between peoples without distinction". [19] [20] Atatürk is commemorated by numerous memorials and locations called in his honor throughout Turkey and the world. Eleftherios Venizelos, previous Prime Minister of Greece, forwarded Atatürk's name for the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize.